Multiverse Analyses Can Be Used to Evaluate Cross-Lagged Panel Network Models: An Example with Psychological Flexibility

We recommend that researchers conducting cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analyses use multiverse analyses, where cross-lagged effects are estimated with alternative models and conclusions are based on meta-analytic averaging. Applied to psychological flexibility data, most previously reported cross-lagged effects did not survive scrutiny across alternative model specifications.

February 2026 · Kimmo Sorjonen, Bo Melin, Marika Melin, Björn N. Persson
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